المعجم الطبي
تعريفات واضحة ودقيقة لمصطلحات الأجهزة الطبية والرعاية الصحية.
A
- AED
- A portable defibrillator that automatically analyzes the heart rhythm and uses voice and visual prompts so that even lay rescuers can deliver a shock.
- Anesthesia machine
- A device that prepares and delivers a precise mixture of oxygen, air and anesthetic gases or vapors to the patient, usually incorporating a ventilator and a monitoring sy...
- Angiography
- Imaging of blood vessels using an injected contrast agent together with X-ray, CT or MRI.
- Anolyte
- An oxidizing solution produced at the anode of an electrolytic cell from dilute salt water, whose main disinfecting agent is hypochlorous acid.
- Arthroscopy
- A minimally invasive procedure for viewing, diagnosing and treating problems inside a joint by inserting a thin camera (arthroscope) through small incisions.
- Autoclave
- A device that sterilizes heat-resistant instruments and materials using pressurized steam at high temperature.
- Autorefractometer
- A computerized instrument that measures the eye’s refractive error objectively and automatically by projecting light into the eye and analyzing its reflection.
B
- Biocompatibility
- The ability of a material or medical device to perform its function in contact with body tissues without causing an unacceptable adverse biological response.
- Botulinum toxin
- A neurotoxic protein that temporarily relaxes muscles by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the nerve–muscle junction; it is used by injection in medicine and aesth...
C
- Calibration
- Comparing the readings of a measuring device against a known reference standard and adjusting it if necessary, to ensure its measurements fall within a specified accuracy...
- Capnography
- Monitoring and display of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled air, usually shown as a waveform (capnogram) and an end-tidal value (EtCO2).
- Cardiac catheter
- A thin, flexible tube guided through a blood vessel to the heart to measure pressures, inject contrast or perform interventional procedures for diagnosis or treatment.
- CE marking
- A mark by which a manufacturer declares that a product conforms to the applicable safety, health and performance requirements of European Union legislation, including the...
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
- A system that uses a small sensor under the skin to measure glucose levels in interstitial fluid continuously, day and night, and display their trends.
- Cryolipolysis
- A nonsurgical method of localized subcutaneous fat reduction in which controlled cooling damages fat cells, which are then gradually cleared by the body.
- CT scan
- An imaging technique that rotates an X-ray tube around the body and uses computer processing to produce cross-sectional and three-dimensional images.
D
- Defibrillator
- A device that delivers a controlled electric shock to the heart to terminate certain life-threatening arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation.
- Dental implant
- A post, usually made of titanium or zirconia, placed in the jawbone to replace a tooth root and support a crown, bridge or denture.
- Dermal filler
- An injectable substance placed beneath the skin to restore volume, fill wrinkles or contour areas of the face.
- Dietary supplement
- An oral product, such as a vitamin, mineral, amino acid or herbal extract, intended to supplement the diet.
- Digital thermometer
- A thermometer that uses an electronic sensor to measure body temperature in the mouth, armpit, rectum, ear or on the forehead and displays it as a number.
- Disinfection
- A process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores, from inanimate surfaces and objects.
- Doppler ultrasound
- An ultrasound technique that assesses the direction and speed of blood flow by measuring the frequency shift of waves reflected from moving red blood cells.
E
- ECG lead
- Each electrical view of the heart in an ECG, derived from the potential difference between specific electrodes; a standard ECG has twelve leads.
- Electrocardiography (ECG)
- A recording of the heart’s electrical activity using electrodes placed on the skin, used to assess the heart’s rhythm and electrical conduction.
- Electrosurgical unit
- A device that uses high-frequency electric current to cut tissue or to coagulate it to control bleeding.
- Endoscope
- A rigid or flexible tubular instrument with a light source and an imaging system, used to view the inside of body organs and cavities and to perform certain diagnostic or...
F
- Fogging
- A method of disinfecting rooms and surfaces in which a machine turns a disinfectant solution into very fine droplets and disperses them into the air.
G
- Glucometer
- A portable device that measures blood glucose concentration from a drop of capillary blood applied to a test strip.
H
- HbA1c
- A laboratory measure of the percentage of hemoglobin bound to glucose, reflecting average blood glucose over roughly the previous two to three months.
- Heart-lung machine
- A machine that temporarily takes over the pumping function of the heart and the gas exchange of the lungs during open-heart surgery.
- HIFU
- A technology that focuses ultrasound energy at a defined depth in tissue to produce controlled localized heating without cutting the skin; in aesthetic medicine it is use...
- Holter monitor
- A portable device that continuously records the ECG, typically for 24 to 48 hours or longer, during normal daily activities.
- Hyaluronic acid
- A polysaccharide naturally present in skin, joints and connective tissue with a high capacity to retain water; its cross-linked form is the most common material in dermal...
- Hysteroscopy
- Direct viewing of the uterine cavity with a thin, camera-equipped instrument (hysteroscope) inserted through the cervix, used for diagnosis or treatment.
I
- Implant abutment
- A connecting component screwed or fixed onto a dental implant that serves as the interface between the implant and the crown or prosthesis.
- Infusion pump
- A device that delivers fluids, medications or nutrients into a patient’s body at controlled rates and in controlled amounts.
- Intraoral radiography
- Radiographic imaging in which the image receptor (film or sensor) is placed inside the mouth, such as periapical and bitewing radiographs.
- IRC code
- An identification code issued by the Iran Food and Drug Administration to health products authorized in Iran, including medical devices, used to verify a product’s regist...
- ISO 13485
- An international standard that specifies quality management system requirements for organizations involved in the design, production, distribution or servicing of medical...
- IV cannula
- A thin, flexible tube placed in a peripheral vein to give fluids and medications or draw blood.
L
- Laparoscopy
- A minimally invasive surgical technique performed through small incisions using a camera (laparoscope) in the abdomen.
- Laryngoscope
- An instrument with a blade and a light source used to view the larynx and vocal cords, particularly during tracheal intubation.
M
- MRI
- An imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves, without ionizing radiation, to produce detailed images of soft tissues and organs.
N
- Nebulizer
- A device that converts liquid medication into a fine mist so it can be inhaled into the lungs through a mask or mouthpiece.
O
- Osseointegration
- The direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing implant, without intervening soft tissue.
- Oxygenator
- A component of an extracorporeal circuit that adds oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from it across a membrane.
P
- Patient monitor
- A device that continuously measures and displays a patient’s vital signs, such as ECG, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and temperature, an...
- Perfusion
- In cardiac surgery, the use of extracorporeal circulation with a heart-lung machine to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation during the operation; more generally, bl...
- PICC
- A central venous catheter inserted through a vein in the arm, with its tip positioned in a large vein near the heart.
- Pulse oximeter
- A noninvasive device that passes light through tissue, usually a fingertip, to measure blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate.
R
- Radiography
- Two-dimensional imaging of internal body structures made by passing X-rays through the body and recording them on film or a digital detector.
- RVG (RadioVisioGraphy)
- A digital intraoral radiography system that uses an electronic sensor instead of film and displays the image immediately on a computer.
S
- Slit lamp
- A binocular microscope with an adjustable narrow beam of light, used for magnified examination of the front of the eye and, with auxiliary lenses, its posterior structure...
- Sphygmomanometer
- An instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure, consisting of an inflatable cuff and a mercury, aneroid or digital pressure gauge.
- SpO2
- The estimated percentage of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin in arterial blood, measured noninvasively, usually with a pulse oximeter.
- Sterilization
- A process that eliminates all forms of microbial life, including spores, from instruments and surfaces.
- Surgical stapler
- A surgical instrument that closes or joins tissue by placing rows of small staples; some types cut the tissue at the same time.
- Syringe pump
- A type of infusion pump that delivers small volumes of medication with high accuracy by driving a syringe plunger.
T
- Trocar
- A surgical instrument that creates an access port for instruments and cameras in minimally invasive surgery.
U
- Ultrasound
- A medical imaging technique that sends high-frequency sound waves into the body and records their echoes to produce real-time images of internal organs and tissues withou...
V
- Ventilator
- A device that delivers breathing gas to the lungs to mechanically support a patient’s breathing, either fully or partially.
- Video laryngoscope
- A laryngoscope with a small camera in the blade that displays the larynx on a screen, allowing indirect viewing of the airway during intubation.